As part of the project we began in the summer to review the archaeology of an important site at Lord of the Manor Ramsgate, another part of the project has started to review the archives for the previous excavations.
The problem with old archaeological archives is paper. For the Ozengell and Lord of the Manor sites we have envelopes files and folders stuffed with paper in a range of sizes from large scale drawings to typescripts and hand written notes, among many other resources like large X-ray plates.

Paper records take up valuable space and are not as easily accessible in the way that modern technology has made digital information accessible. Where the paper records, stored as they are, can be a slow and stagnant source of information, digital archives can be accessed by many people simultaneously and used for many different purposes.

One problem with old archives is that over the years things get moved around and put out of order. Things that didn’t seem so important suddenly become more valuable. Old letters and correspondence can contain crucial pieces of information which were once part of everyday experience, then became part of a shared memory among those who took part. Finally, when everyone who was there has lost touch or is no longer with us, the written records of that shared experience become our only way to experience some of the important details of the dig. Handwritten notes also let us into the minds of our friends and colleagues who collected such a wealth of experience, which has been lost to us now.

Why do we need to do this review and digitising of the archive?
We need this resource so that we can continue to question the data that was generated. Were the people who excavated the site right in their interpretation? Was there information that they missed which lies unrecognised in the archive because our attention was focused elsewhere?

When the archive is brought to life as digital resource we can have many more eyes and minds brought to bear on the problems, to be able to re-explore the site many times over. With the records in order, as a digital resource we can generate many more questions and answers about this valuable resource that can tell us so much about our past.

Serendipity and Archaeology do mix!

On Thursday morning (that’s Day 9 to LOM training dig enthusiasts) we received a forwarded email from an amateur photographer, Dean Barkley, who carries out low level aerial photography using a quadcopter rigged with a digital camera and was keen to work with archaeological sites.

With a remarkable stroke of coincidence Dean lives in Manston, a short distance form our site and we took a chance on emailing him to see if he would like to visit and photograph our site. Dean visited on Friady morning to show us the equipment but we faced the slight problem that our site was directly under the flight path of Manston airfield, as you will have seen from previous posts. Flights with such an aircraft would not be allowed in the flight path without permission. The good news was that after negotiating with Manston Operations, the control tower did give Dean permission for a flight on Saturday morning which resulted in some stunning images of the excavation. It made all the hard work to clean the site for our final photographs worthwhile and rounded off two weeks with a spectacular flourish.

One could say it put the icing on the cake, but that talent lay elsewhere on Friday and provided us with a few preliminary spectacular flourishes!

The last day of the dig has finally arrived. Time to tidy everything up, make sure all the recording is done and finally clear the site for a set of final photographs. Sounds easy?

It is our belief that on an archaeological excavation the last 10% of the work counts for 80% of the information that will eventually be published. The lovely set of final photographs showing all the excavated area in pristine condition, the records of the areas you have been chewing away at without resolving them until the last few hours. All those jobs you put off ; leave recording that section for later, take that photograph later. All these loose ends must be tied up as the site will be over, later has arrived and there is no more later to be had.

All this leads to the state known as ‘final panic’ which coincides with packing up tools equipment and the site cabin as well as resolving difficult stratigraphic issues in the plans and sections.

So, suffice it to say that this final day’s journal entry will be relatively short. All areas are completed, all segments through the ring ditch and deep area  have been finished, all the finds are bagged and all the drawing is done.

Keep following the journal over the next weeks to find out what the excavation revealed and to see find out more about the site, its context and the process of excavation on our Trust for Thanet Archaeology and University of Kent training excavation.

It just remains to thank in no particular order Marie-Claire, Emma, Gabby, Scott, Kaneez and Emily from the University of Kent for their hard work and dedication over the ten days and for doing justice to this important site. Also Maggy, John, Niccy and Margaret of the Isle of Thanet Archaeological society, our junior volunteer Katherine and also Simon and Adam for the Trust for their great efforts during the dig.  We would like to thank the University of Kent for funding the training excavation and allowing students to have an opportunity to take part in field work on this historic site. We would also like to express our appreciation to the landowner Mr. David Steed for once again indulging archaeologists in their passion for the past on his land.

The project is dedicated to the memory of Dr. David Perkins, the Trust’s first director, in whose pioneering footsteps we have worked during the last two weeks.

Keep following the progress of the analysis of the site here…

Another hot day today with blustery wind blowing dust over everyone.

Today segment three, excavated through the northern end of the ring ditch was completed, showing another wide, straight sided profile with a flat base. On the eastern side the ditch is cut by another later feature, which reduced the chalk geology to a considerable depth, truncating the east side of the ring ditch.

The later feature could not be explored further because of the limit of excavation in the trench. In the lowest fill the few finds included a cattle vertebra, located at a similar level within the ditch fills as the skull that was found a few days ago. A struck flint was found in the primary silting right on the base of the ditch cut.

The first and second segments were planned using a plot of an EDM survey which recorded strings of points along the the breaks of slope that defined the features. The survey plot was used as a base plan over which a hachured scale drawing was made on drawing film. When the drawing was completed, the overlaid plan was marked with the numbers assigned to the various features cut into the chalk geology.

The third completed segment  will be surveyed and planned in a similar way tomorrow on our last working day on site at Lord of the Manor.

Over the day we were assisted by a young volunteer who took part in the excavation, emptied barrows and processed the pottery sherds we have collected from the excavation and from the spoil around the site. The extra help was very welcome at this stage in our project.

More steady progress was made in the deep feature at the southern end of the trench. A segment cut in from the west side is showing another steep sided profile, and at the limit of the days digging, the upper fill of another curvilinear cut at the base of the segment, probably an inter-cutting pit. At the northern edge, the truncated crest of the ring ditch cut  has been traced further were it underlies the later feature. This allows us to trace an accurate plan of the ring ditch circuit as far as possible under the later deposits. As these features are often very regular in plan it is likely the ditch can be accurately projected in the final site plans. On our final day on Friday we will record and survey the segments excavated into the feature, recording the small keyhole insights into the shape and depth of the feature.

Today we turned our attention to another part of our excavation area where we had not yet done any work during this project. We began a digital survey with the EDM of a group of graves belonging to an important early Anglo-Saxon cemetery which had been fully excavated in 1982, leaving only the empty grave cuts showing in the hard chalk geology.  The small scale composite plan of the cemetery, which is the only record we have of the layout of the graves, has proved to have significant inaccuracies in the representation of  form and distribution of the graves. The small scale plan was consulted to determine the number that had been assigned to the grave cut in the earlier excavation, then the grave was surveyed with the EDM using the staff and prism to trace the outline of the upper and lower breaks of slope of the cut.

Although no burials remain in place, there is much evidence of archaeological value to gain from re-planning the graves. Already we can see that a more accurate plan will help us to determine the order of the burials. We can return to the old records of the site in the future and gain new insights into this very significant site, one of the key research aims of our project.

A lot remains to be done on the final day of the project to complete our field research into this important site, revealing more about the site and the features…

A hot day today, and no gas to boil the kettle in the morning, no tea, no good. Meanwhile work continues at a steady pace.

Segments 1 and 2 through the ring ditch are being drawn and recorded in detail. A plan of the feature on the east side of the second segment of the ring ditch suggests the feature may be almost rectangular in plan, and another small excavation is attempting to expose the southern corner to confirm the shape and hopefully reveal the stratigraphic relationship with the ring ditch. More about this feature as the excavation progresses tomorrow.

Segment 3, which appears to have been cut on the eastern side by another later feature, has reached a point where both edges of the cut for the ring ditch have been exposed. The sections of the excavation have been trimmed, nice and sharp for photographing and recording in the next couple of days to round of the excavation of the ditch.

For the first time it feels like we are beginning to understand the deep feature at the southern end of the ring ditch. In the record from 1982 it was suggested that the ditch had been cut away by two separate pits on the east and west sides, we can now see that these were part of a complex of pits whose fills have merged with that of a deep central feature.

We finally had to give up digging  in the segment on the southern side of the  feature as it became too deep to access within the confines of the narrow cut. We have traced the ridge of the upper egdes of the truncated ring ditch some distance into the pit complex, removing part of the fill of a segment excavated in 1982.

In this area we solved one of the problems thrown up by the preliminary magnetometer survey that we carried out on the site. A large anomaly showed up in an area covered by the trench, which indicated the presence of a major metal object in the ground. The anomaly coincided with the earlier segment excavated through the ditch. We discovered that the steel hinges of a door that was buried in the backfill were undoubtedly the cause of the response. Although it was a useful exercise in prospecting for the appropriate location for our excavation, the anomaly demonstrated the difficulty of re-excavating a site which has been disturbed by excavation in the past.

We have another interesting finds among the mixed pottery sherds we have been getting from the undisturbed areas of the ring ditch, all of which have quite wide date range form prehistoric to medieval. The round flint object is a hammer stone, or rubbing stone, formed by pecking a flint cobble around its whole surface until it forms a rough surfaced sphere. These spherical flint objects are common finds on Bronze Age and Iron Age sites in Thanet and may have been used as a form of pestle for grinding material against another flat stone, or possibly for rubbing and smoothing a hide that was being cured to make leather. It has also been suggested that they were used as a hammer in the process of knapping flint to form more delicate flake tools.

As we come to the last two days of our dig on Thursday and Friday, the final stages of excavating, recording and interpreting this important site will put the team under pressure, but we will make it! Keep following our journal entries for the final results over the next couple of days.

A busy day on site today with a full house team working on all areas of the site. The base of the ditch in the first segment through the ring ditch was found this morning, and a sample taken of the fill at the base. We also found a useful piece of animal bone in the earliest fill, which may be useful for giving a carbon date for the earliest chalky silt deposits that began to settle in the ditch.

Once the base of the ditch was reached, work began to clean and photograph the sections ready for recording. Again we were able to see the wide flat base of the ring ditch, which is perhaps one of the biggest we have seen in Thanet. The depth of the feature presented some problems getting in and out of the steep sided cut, which required specialist equipment – a set of step ladders.

The ditch was comparable the the huge ditches we saw on an excavation by the Trust and  Archaeology South East some years ago at Bradstow School in Broadstairs, which were probably the best preserved ring ditch profiles we had seen cut into the chalk geology. The ditch at Bradstow school had a causeway entrance and was unlikely to have been made as a round barrow and was more like a henge like feature. Perhaps the scale of our feature should lead us to think more about what it was built for.

Another fine job of cleaning and photography will let us think about this feature more when the excavation is over and we consider what we have learned from our work.

We also began the process of planning the large ring ditch segments using a series of survey strings recording the edges and breaks of slope of the features with our Total Station. There’s a lot of work over the next day or two to fill out the plan of the site and locate the excavated and drawn sections.

In a segment at the intersection of the ditch and the later feature on the northern side we have begun to find some pottery at last, with one or two sherds well stratified in the upper fill. Although this very mixed late deposit appears to have quite a wide range of material, including Iron Age and possibly some Roman.

At the southern end of the site, we continued to explore a segment (now numbered 5) which is attempting to discover the dimensions of the large cut feature that was cut into the barrow. Surprisingly the steep sides of the inner cut suggests the feature is much larger than we anticipated.

Just at the base we have started to reach a deposit of fine ashy material, perhaps this can give us some clues about its origin, although the date remains difficult to establish as we still do not have any more substantial dating evidence.

A visit from our favourite ceramic specialist has suggested that the ceramic handle we discovered  a few days ago in the upper fill of segment 2 through the ring ditch, may in fact be Roman. However, a small rim sherd found in the same deposit further south is medieval Canterbury Sandy ware! A very mixed picture and more thought needs to go into the formation of the upper fill. Plenty more to do in our last few days on the dig…

Friday brings resolution to some of our questions and raises more problems for our team of University of Kent students, our stalwart volunteers and the Trust team. When I mentioned that we had finished a segment through the ring ditch yesterday I meant that we thought we had finished.

In our second segment through the ring ditch, a heavy day of digging revealed two distinct cuts on the eastern and western sides. The western cut had  a symmetrical profile, with steeply sloping upper edges breaking to a deep straight sided cut and breaking sharply at the bottom  at the flat base. This cut is much more like the typical section of a well preserved ring ditch in Thanet.

So why does our first segment which we thought we had completed yesterday (see yesterday’s post) look so different? What are the prospects for the third segment being excavated further along the north eastern edge?

The issue was resolved today when it turned out our first ditch segment, with the strange benched profile and possible recut, was excavated only to the top of a compacted fill of chalk rubble and silt. Having pondered the situation with a fresh pair of eyes on the feature (thanks PCH) the chalk had to go! Two tons of chalk rubble stand no chance against the team armed with finely honed skills with a mattock and considerable progress was made toward matching the ditch profile with its neighbor immediately to the north, solving the problem of why these two segments appeared so different to each other.

The second segment presents a new problem now, with a clear second cut feature, which seems to have been excavated on the inner edge of the ring ditch. Is it discrete pit or evidence for a much more substantial recut ditch? Time and much more excavation will tell.

Further north the third segment excavated through the ring ditch to add more to our understanding of the plan of the ditch circuit , looks as if it will also end up being as deep as the other two segments.

There’s more progress to report on the southern side of the site, where we have been excavating our segments through a later feature, possible a quarry pit, but perhaps a more substantial feature. A section through undisturbed deposits and another emptying a previous section excavated in 1982 have found among some shallower pit cuts. a steep sided cut feature which extends into both areas of excavation. Are these simply random chalk quarries or is this one of the deep cut sunken features, possibly once associated with structures, that we have encountered many times before in Thanet? We have more definition of our targets here now but the questions are not  resolved yet…

Lucky we have another week to go! More updates after a well earned weekend of rest for the team.